Head-to-Head Analysis
This analysis was generated using Azimuth's proprietary framework. Our data model transforms federal education data into actionable insights. Learn about founder Daniel Rogers, explore our research methodology, or see how we think about this data.
Updated January 2026 • Cambridge, MA & Philadelphia, PA
When students choose between Harvard University and University of Pennsylvania, they're comparing two Ivy League institutions with surprisingly different financial profiles. Both deliver world-class education and open doors to similar career networks, yet Penn graduates typically earn $9,554 more annually while Harvard costs $14,413 less per year.
This creates an unusual dynamic where the cheaper school produces lower earnings — reversing the typical value equation students expect to find.
Median Student Debt at Graduation
$14,000
federal loans
$15,715
federal loans
Median Parent PLUS Loans
$28,000
borrowed by parents
$33,124
borrowed by parents
Harvard is predominantly Social Sciences-focused, with 29% of graduates earning degrees in these fields. Penn has a business orientation, with 26% of graduates in Business programs.
Harvard's largest programs include Economics (215 graduates annually), Computer Science (190), and Social Sciences General (157). Penn's concentration in Finance (390 graduates), Economics (225), and Management Sciences (219) reflects its Wharton School strength.
This business focus at Penn helps explain the earnings advantage, as finance and business careers typically command higher starting salaries.
For students prioritizing earning potential in business and finance careers, Penn delivers higher median earnings at $111,371 despite commanding a premium price. Harvard offers comparable prestige at $14,413 less per year, making it the stronger financial value for families prioritizing affordability or students pursuing careers where the earnings gap doesn't justify the cost difference.
The data points to Penn as the higher-earning option, but Harvard as the more accessible one. The right choice depends on your career goals, family financial capacity, and whether you plan to pursue Penn's finance-heavy network advantages.
If cost is a primary concern, Harvard's combination of lower price and strong outcomes makes it the practical choice.
Key Takeaway
The numbers are close, but the best school depends on your goals, values, and career aspirations.
This comparison was generated using Azimuth's proprietary ROI framework, developed by founder Daniel Rogers. Our methodology transforms federal education data into actionable insights for families.
This comparison uses Azimuth's proprietary ROI model based on U.S. Dept. of Education data. View Full Methodology.
This content is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed as financial, investment, or professional advice. Consult a qualified advisor before making any financial decisions.
College Azimuth is a private research initiative and is not affiliated with the U.S. Department of Education or Federal Student Aid.
