Research brief & institution hub

Princeton University

NJMedium private nonprofit institution · Overall rank #68 nationally

Data snapshot Updated

A 95th percentile composite rank, led by return on investment.

Who it’s a good fit for

Princeton University is a private nonprofit university in New Jersey, and its degree mix is led by Social Sciences, Engineering, and Computer & Information Sciences. Return is among the highest we track.

Graduates earn above the median at comparable schools. Most graduates are estimated to go into work rather than further study, so the four-year earnings picture shows a cohort largely already in the workforce.

The price case turns on income. Families at the bottom of the scale pay almost nothing after grants and scholarships, while those at the top pay a much larger share of the published cost.

Affordability is among the highest we track. The admission rate is below the median for comparable schools.

The largest programs include Computer Science, Economics, and Public Policy Analysis, with Computer Science first in both size and earnings.

Princeton University at a glance

Admissions and outcomes

Admission rate[1]
4.6%
Six-year completion[2]
97.6%
Four-year earnings[3]
$108,590

Cost and family borrowing

Average annual net price · $48–75K family income[6]
$1,217
Median student debt[4]
$10,320
Median Parent PLUS debt[7]
$41,000

Princeton University rankings: how Azimuth assesses value[5]

In Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University is a private nonprofit university enrolling 5,709 undergraduates. It sits near the top of the Azimuth ranking among nonprofit four-year institutions (95th percentile).

Princeton University admits 4.6% of applicants, against a median of 71.2% for comparable institutions (same type and size). Of students who start full time, 98.4% return for a second year, against a peer median of 83.4%.

The six-year graduation rate, which counts only first-time full-time students, is 97.6%, against a peer median of 68.8%. An estimated 2.4% of entrants arrive as transfers or part-time students, so that cohort covers nearly the entire student body.

The four sit far apart, with return and affordability near the top and access and mobility further back. Return is the strongest, at the 98th percentile, and affordability is close behind at the 96th percentile.

Access and mobility are lower, at the 83rd and 75th percentiles, and mobility is the weakest of the four.

Azimuth evaluates Princeton University across four pillars among 1,467 nonprofit four-year institutions. The university's strongest pillar is return, in the 98th percentile, reflecting earnings that far outpace the national norm.

Affordability follows closely in the 96th percentile, and the access pillar lands in the 83rd percentile. Mobility is the weakest pillar, in the 75th percentile, though all four stand well above the median for nonprofit four-year institutions.

Pell Grants reach 19.2% of undergraduates, the federal government's main gauge of financial access. The access pillar measures the breadth of enrollment across the income distribution.

Azimuth ranks Princeton University #243 for access among nonprofit four-year institutions, a position shaped by the share of undergraduates receiving Pell Grants. The mobility pillar measures whether students move up the income ladder after enrolling.

Azimuth ranks the university #368 for mobility among nonprofit four-year institutions.

How value-added outcomes are assessed · How to interpret program rankings

Princeton University rankings in context
GeographyRank
National#68

Azimuth overall value rankings within each geographic comparison group.

National pillar percentiles

Economic mobility
National percentile: 75
Access & reach
National percentile: 83
Affordability
National percentile: 96
Return on investment
National percentile: 98

Top-ranked majors

  1. Public Policy Analysis#2
  2. Economics#4

This school’s two highest-ranked programs nationally. Each rank compares bachelor’s programs in the same field; field sizes differ.

Explore major rankings

01 / Princeton University briefing

Princeton University cost & financial aid[6][7]

Tuition and fees at Princeton University stand at $62,688, with room and board listed at $20,250, bringing the standard undergraduate budget to a published cost of attendance of $84,040. The average net price for aid recipients is $6,128, a figure that reflects a reduction of $77,912 from the sticker price.

Aid covers about 93% of the published cost for the average aid recipient. Against comparable institutions (same type and size), this net price is below the peer median of $27,371 by $21,243.

For affordability, Azimuth ranks the university #51 among nonprofit four-year institutions. That places the affordability pillar in the 96th percentile.

Princeton University publishes a cost of attendance of $84,040. For aid recipients, the average net price is far lower.

Aid recipients from families earning under $30,000 face an of $41, while those in the $48,001–$75,000 band see an average net price of $1,217. For aid recipients from families earning over $110,000, the average net price is $36,094.

The spread between the lowest and highest bands is $36,053. Azimuth ranks Princeton University #51 for affordability among nonprofit four-year institutions.

Tuition and fees are $62,688 and room and board is $20,250. The average net price for first-time full-time Title IV aid recipients is $6,128, reflecting an average financial aid savings of $77,912 against the published sticker price.

This average net price is below the peer median of $27,371 for comparable institutions (same type and size) by $21,243. The median federal student debt at completion is $10,320.

About 24.1% of federal aid recipients borrow federal loans. This median debt is below the peer median of $24,199 by $13,879.

Median Parent PLUS borrowing stands at $41,000. The estimated monthly payment if repaid over ten years for the median federal debt is $117.

Your family income

Choose a household income range to see estimated net price.

Reported average annual net price · $48–75K$1,217

After grants and scholarships. Your aid offer may differ.

Averages within each income band; individual aid packages vary.

Borrowing and repayment at Princeton University

Federal borrowing at Princeton University is concentrated among a minority of students: 24.1% of undergraduates take federal loans, and completers who borrow leave with a median federal debt of $10,320. That median is below the $24,199 median at comparable institutions (same type and size) by $13,879.

Parent borrowers, a separate population, carry a median Parent PLUS loan of $41,000. In its 2025-26 Common Data Set, the university reported that 11% of the 1,319 bachelor's graduates in the cohort borrowed from any source.

The average cumulative amount was $21,251 per borrower. Of those graduates, 6% held federal loans averaging $12,304, including 2% who also carried private loans averaging $67,833.

Four years after completing a degree at Princeton University, graduates working and not enrolled earn a median of $108,590, a figure in the 98th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions. That median runs above the $68,250 median for comparable institutions (same type and size) by $40,340.

Earnings scenarios derived from the university's program mix place the typical outcome at $108,590, with a downside scenario of $57,903 and an upside scenario of $190,062. The median federal debt for borrowers who complete a degree is $10,320, which sits below the $24,199 median at comparable institutions (same type and size).

If repaid over ten years, that debt corresponds to an estimated monthly payment of $117.

Median Parent PLUS borrowing, a separate parent-borrower population, is $41,000. The estimated monthly student payment if repaid over ten years is $117.

How Financial GPS measures payment burden · The four risk-and-reward zones

Financial GPS

What does repayment look like?

Institution median student debt
$10,320
Institution Parent PLUS debt
$41,000

Federal loans only; private or institutional loans aren’t included.

Estimated student payment · monthly
$117/mo
Estimated Parent PLUS payment · monthly
$521/mo

Payments use school-wide median balances, not a specific major’s.

Payment assumptions

Payments are 10-year standard payments on the median balance, before loan fees, used as a yardstick. Rates for newly issued loans may differ, and loans made after July 1, 2026 can repay over a longer term; existing loans keep their original fixed rates.

Explore your own numbers in Financial GPS
Read the full cost & aid brief

02 / Princeton University briefing

Princeton University career outcomes & earnings[3][8][9]

Four years after completion, federally aided completers at Princeton University who are working and not enrolled show median earnings of $108,590. That figure falls in the 98th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions.

Against comparable institutions (same type and size), that median stands above the peer median of $68,250 by $40,340. The earnings cohort includes 662 completers.

Azimuth ranks the university #35 for return on investment among nonprofit four-year institutions. That outcome lands the return pillar in the 98th percentile.

Median earnings for Princeton University are $108,590 among the 662 federally aided completers who are working and not enrolled four years after completion. Azimuth places that median in the 98th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions.

The median is above the $68,250 figure at comparable institutions (same type and size) by $40,340. Earnings scenarios drawn from the program mix and reflecting the university's degree distribution range from $57,903 on the downside to $190,062 on the upside, with a typical scenario of $108,590.

Derived from program mix rather than observed enrollment, the model estimates that 37.2% of programs' graduates continue to graduate study, a projection tied to the mix of degrees awarded.

Four years after completing a degree, federally aided graduates who are working and not enrolled earn a median of $108,590. That is $40,340 above the peer median of $68,250 for comparable institutions (same type and size).

That earnings figure sits in the 98th percentile. Earnings scenarios, grounded in the university's program mix, show a downside of $57,903 and an upside of $190,062.

An estimated 37.2% of graduates continue to graduate study, a figure estimated from the program mix. Azimuth ranks Princeton University #35 for return among nonprofit four-year institutions.

The earnings strength coincides with a program mix weighted toward fields where pay runs high. The largest programs are in computing, economics, and engineering, and their graduates report medians well above six figures.

The spread between the highest-earning and lowest-earning programs among the largest five is wide, but even the lowest sits above the national benchmark for its field. The return picture is one of high absolute earnings and a large gap above the peer median. The program mix leans into fields where the labor market pays a premium.

The median earnings figure of $108,590 four years after completion masks considerable variation across programs. Earnings scenarios, which reflect the university's program mix, range from a downside of $57,903 to an upside of $190,062.

Program-level medians illustrate this range. Graduates of Computer Science earn a median of $217,973, while those from Economics earn $160,763. Completers of Mechanical Engineering see a median of $115,927.

The value case at Princeton University rests on a rare combination. Earnings sit at the 98th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions.

Debt is a fraction of the peer median. Borrowers who complete a degree leave with a median of $10,320 in federal student loans.

That is $13,879 below the $24,199 median for comparable institutions (same type and size). If repaid over ten years, the debt corresponds to an estimated payment of $117 a month.

The published cost of attendance is $84,040, but the average net price—what aid recipients pay after grants and scholarships—is $6,128. Aid covers about 93% of the published cost for the average aid recipient, though this is an average rather than a personal quote. Parents who borrow hold a separate median of $41,000 in Parent PLUS loans.

Read the full outcomes brief

03 / Princeton University briefing

Princeton University acceptance rate & admissions[1][10][11]

Princeton University admitted 4.6% of applicants, below the median of 71.2% for comparable institutions (same type and size). In its 2025-26 Common Data Set, the university reported 42,303 applicants, 1,868 admitted, and 1,408 enrolled.

SAT: reported composite scores
Admission rate
4.6%
25th percentile
1490
Median
1530
75th percentile
1560

CDS 2025-26 · enrolled first-year score submitters. This range is not an admission cutoff.

Read the full admissions brief

04 / Princeton University briefing

What are the largest majors at Princeton University?[12]

The highest-earning programs at Princeton University are also among its largest. Computer Science awards 172 degrees a year, and its graduates earn a median of $217,973 four years after completion.

Economics is the second-largest program, with 122 degrees awarded and median earnings of $160,763. Azimuth ranks it #4 nationally among nonprofit four-year institutions in its field, and #1 in New Jersey.

Public Policy Analysis awards 120 degrees and its graduates earn $107,792 four years after completion. Azimuth ranks it #2 nationally among nonprofit four-year institutions in its field.

The spread between the top-earning and more moderate programs is wide, but even the lower-earning fields sit well above the national median for their disciplines.

Azimuth ranks 2 of Princeton University's programs nationally among nonprofit four-year institutions. The strongest of these is Public Policy Analysis, which ranks #2 in its field and #1 in New Jersey.

The largest program by degrees awarded is Computer Science, at 172 degrees awarded a year. Its completers earn a median of $217,973.

Economics is the second-largest, with 122 degrees awarded and median earnings of $160,763; Azimuth ranks it #4 nationally. The earnings spread across programs is wide.

History and Mechanical Engineering round out the five largest programs with published earnings, with median earnings of $80,347 and $115,927 respectively.

Social Sciences account for 19.7% of bachelor's degrees awarded, with Engineering next at 17.8% and Computer & Information Sciences at 13.8%. Princeton University has 2 programs with an Azimuth national rank and 9 with published four-year earnings data.

The largest single program is Computer Science, at 172 degrees awarded a year, followed by Economics at 122 and Public Policy Analysis at 120. Public Policy Analysis, the third-largest program, records median earnings of $107,792 four years after completion.

Azimuth ranks it #1 in New Jersey within its field. Economics ranks #1 in New Jersey within its field, with median earnings of $160,763.

It carries a benchmark ratio of 1.94x against the national median for its field. The highest four-year earnings are in Computer Science, at $217,973, a benchmark ratio of 2.04x against the national median for its field.

Strength is concentrated in the largest programs. The three largest programs also appear across both the earnings and rankings lists, with no sharp split between size and pay.

Four-year earnings · six largest reported fields
Computer Science 172 degrees awarded
$217,973
Economics 122 degrees awarded
$160,763
Public Policy Analysis 120 degrees awarded
$107,792
History 68 degrees awarded
$80,347
Operations Research 64 degrees awarded
Too few graduates to report
Mechanical Engineering 53 degrees awarded
$115,927

Fields selected by reported completions. Counts describe credentials awarded, not unique students or the earnings sample. Bars show median four-year earnings.

Read the full majors brief

05 / Princeton University briefing

How does Princeton University serve students from different backgrounds?

Azimuth ranks Princeton University #368 for mobility among nonprofit four-year institutions. That places the mobility pillar in the 75th percentile.

The six-year graduation rate for the first-time full-time cohort is 97.6%, a figure that sits well above the peer median of 68.8%.

Princeton University admits 4.6% of applicants, a figure far below the peer median of 71.2%. Azimuth places the access pillar in the 83rd percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions.

Pell Grant recipients make up 19.2% of the 5,709 undergraduates, and an estimated 2.4% arrive as transfers or part-time students.

06 / Princeton University briefing

What colleges are similar to Princeton University?[15]

Azimuth groups alternatives by admissions, location, cost and earnings, then orders candidates within each group. Peer earnings use the matched four-year cohort. How matching works.

A shortlist for different decisions

Choose a row to compare the figures with Princeton University.

Admissions peerColumbia University in the City of New York4.0% admitted
Comparison with Princeton University
MeasurePrinceton UniversityColumbia University in the City of New York
Peer earnings · 4 years$108,590$115,519+$6,929 vs Princeton University
Average annual net price$6,128$21,590+$15,462 vs Princeton University · higher cost
Admission rate4.6%4.0%
Explore Columbia University in the City of New York →
Higher-admission alternativeSUNY Maritime College72.4% admitted
Comparison with Princeton University
MeasurePrinceton UniversitySUNY Maritime College
Peer earnings · 4 years$108,590$104,752-$3,838 vs Princeton University
Average annual net price$6,128$22,367+$16,239 vs Princeton University · higher cost
Admission rate4.6%72.4%
Explore SUNY Maritime College →
Nearby alternativeColumbia University in the City of New YorkNearby option · NY
Comparison with Princeton University
MeasurePrinceton UniversityColumbia University in the City of New York
Peer earnings · 4 years$108,590$115,519+$6,929 vs Princeton University
Average annual net price$6,128$21,590+$15,462 vs Princeton University · higher cost
Admission rate4.6%4.0%
Explore Columbia University in the City of New York →
Similar profileLehigh UniversityMatched across several measures
Comparison with Princeton University
MeasurePrinceton UniversityLehigh University
Peer earnings · 4 years$108,590$101,748-$6,842 vs Princeton University
Average annual net price$6,128$36,931+$30,803 vs Princeton University · higher cost
Admission rate4.6%25.9%
Explore Lehigh University →

Each school is the first-ranked match in its category, not a recommendation across every measure. The same college may lead more than one category. Figures use the matching snapshot; earnings reflect the matched four-year cohort. — means unavailable.

Read the full similar schools brief

Data scope & methodology

Structured payloads generated Governed hub narrative Governed spoke corpus

Four-year earnings describe cohorts of completers. Figures for other horizons describe different cohorts and are not joined into a career-growth projection.

Azimuth's overall rank and pillar percentiles come from the school profile. Absolute pillar ranks, city, enrollment and official-site links are shown only when structured data supplies them.

Detailed earnings, cost, admissions and program values come from the endpoint responsible for each measure. Missing values are not replaced with zero. Value-added estimates are model associations, not causal effects.

Figures are refreshed with each data release, at most a quarter apart. The underlying source dates can be earlier than the release.

Explanatory text is AI-assisted drafting checked against those figures; it is not an additional data source.

Analysis and methodology by Daniel Rogers, founder of College Azimuth.

Read the ranking methodology, data definitions and limitations · About College Azimuth

Read the analysis behind value-added earnings and the change to four-year graduate earnings. These articles are published on collegeazimuth.com.

Data notes & source fields

Scorecard field codes identify the underlying measure; Azimuth-derived values are labeled separately. Snapshot dates are not measurement years. Source populations and reporting periods differ across measures. Field definitions are in the U.S. Department of Education · College Scorecard documentation; notes with a different source link it below.

  1. Admission rate. Reported applicants admitted; not a transfer-specific or individual admission probability.

    Source fields: ADM_RATE

  2. Six-year completion. First-time, full-time students completing at the institution within 150% of normal time, typically six years for a bachelor’s degree.

    Source fields: C150_4

  3. Four-year institutional earnings. Median earnings of graduates in the reported cohort who are working and not enrolled, four years after completion.

    Source fields: MD_EARN_WNE_4YR

  4. Median federal student debt. Federal student-loan debt among completers in the reported borrowing cohort. Excludes Parent PLUS and is not total debt across all students.

    Source fields: GRAD_DEBT_MDN

  5. National, regional and state ranks; pillar percentiles; major ranks. Derived scores within the stated eligible comparison set, not raw Scorecard fields. Major ranks compare institutions within a field; their denominators differ.

    Source fields: Azimuth rankings

    College Azimuth · Ranking methodology

  6. Annual net price by family income. Average annual cost after grants and scholarships for the eligible first-time, full-time aid-recipient cohort. Public-school figures reflect in-state tuition. Includes living costs; these are averages, not medians or individual offers.

    Source fields: NPT4_PUB/PRIV; NPT41_PUB/PRIV through NPT45_PUB/PRIV

  7. Parent PLUS debt, payments and GPS illustration. Stored payments use Financial GPS loan and repayment assumptions. The adjustable spectrum applies the published framework to annual student payments divided by earnings minus an expense allowance; its initial allowance uses the frozen 2024 framework baseline. It is an illustration rather than a school rating. Parent PLUS uses the completer median where available, otherwise the all-borrower median; these describe different borrowing populations.

    Source fields: PLUS_DEBT_ALL_COMP_MD; fallback PLUS_DEBT_ALL_MD; Azimuth Financial GPS calculations

    College Azimuth · Financial GPS methodology

  8. Downside and upside earnings; yellow band. The band spans the modeled lower and higher scenarios. It is not the P25–P75 interval for individual graduates. The median marker is the separately reported institutional median.

    Source fields: Azimuth modeled program-mix scenarios

    College Azimuth · Earnings scenario methodology

  9. Value added and its components. Observed-factor attribution plus the unexplained remainder equals total modeled value added. These are associations, not proven causal effects; the remainder is not a direct measure of teaching quality.

    Source fields: Azimuth statistical model

    College Azimuth · Value-added methodology

  10. SAT score range and reported midpoint. Reported scores of enrolled score-submitters, not admission cutoffs. The midpoint field is not necessarily the middle of the displayed range.

    Source fields: SATVR25 + SATMT25; SATVR75 + SATMT75; SAT_AVG

  11. First-year retention. Retention of the reported full-time cohort at four-year institutions.

    Source fields: RET_FT4

  12. Program earnings, completion counts and major-mix dots. Included bachelor’s programs have at least five reported completions. Counts are aggregated credentials, not unique people or an earnings sample. Major-mix dots group those counts by field of study; excluded programs are not zero activity.

    Source fields: EARN_MDN_4YR; IPEDSCOUNT1; CIPCODE

    College Scorecard · Field-of-study technical documentation

  13. Pell recipients. Share of undergraduates receiving a Pell Grant in the reported academic year.

    Source fields: PCTPELL

  14. Entering students outside the first-time, full-time group. This is not an observed transfer-in rate. It includes part-time entrants and other entering-student attendance patterns.

    Source fields: 1 − PFTFTUG1_EF

  15. Peer earnings and signed differences. Differences are peer minus this school, from the same matching snapshot. A positive earnings difference does not mean the peer is better on every measure.

    Source fields: Azimuth peer model using MD_EARN_WNE_4YR

    College Azimuth · Comparison methodology

How to interpret program rankings