Research brief & institution hub

William & Mary

VAMedium public institution · Overall rank #197 nationally

Data snapshot Updated

Azimuth ranks William & Mary #197 among 1,467 nonprofit four-year institutions.

Who it’s a good fit for

William & Mary is a public university in Williamsburg, Virginia, where the largest degree families are Social Sciences and Business. Return is well above average.

Graduates out-earn what predicts for students like them. The model attributes part of that to the factors it measures — field of study, enrollment and the local labor market — which add, while what it cannot explain subtracts.

Pell students finish within a fraction of a point of the overall rate, and mobility is well above average. Access is the weakest , at above average, and the admission rate sits well below the median for comparable institutions.

The largest program is not the highest-earning one, and the highest-earning program is smaller. The highest-earning program is a smaller one, and the spread between the two is wide.

William & Mary at a glance

Admissions and outcomes

Admission rate[1]
34.1%
Six-year completion[2]
89.4%
Four-year earnings[3]
$80,445

Cost and family borrowing

Average annual net price · $48–75K family income[6]
$5,916
Median student debt[4]
$18,500
Median Parent PLUS debt[7]
$30,326

William & Mary rankings: how Azimuth assesses value[5]

William & Mary is a public university in Williamsburg, Virginia, enrolling 7,055 undergraduates. Its composite standing sits in the top fifth of the Azimuth ranking among nonprofit four-year institutions (87th percentile).

The university admits 34.1% of applicants, a rate far below the 85.9% median for comparable institutions of the same type and size. Retention runs well above the peer median: 94.6% of full-time first-year students return for a second year, against 73.7% at comparable institutions.

Completion does too, with 89.4% finishing within six years, compared with a peer median of 49.1%. An estimated 10.2% of entrants arrive as transfers or part-time students, so the graduation rate describes the majority who start here as first-year students.

The four pillars sit in a wide range: return is the strongest (90th percentile), while access is the weakest (55th percentile). Mobility and affordability fall between them, at the 84th and 65th percentiles respectively.

Azimuth ranks William & Mary across four pillars among nonprofit four-year institutions. Return is the strongest, at the 90th percentile, and access is the weakest, at the 55th percentile.

Mobility sits at the 84th percentile. Affordability is in the 65th percentile. The profile is led by what graduates earn.

12.4% of undergraduates at William & Mary receive Pell Grants. Azimuth ranks the university #655 for access among nonprofit four-year institutions.

Pell recipients complete at 89.7%, 0.3 percentage points above the rate for the entering cohort as a whole. For mobility, Azimuth ranks William & Mary #238 among nonprofit four-year institutions. Graduates earn about $2,363 more than the model expects for similar students.

How value-added outcomes are assessed · How to interpret program rankings

William & Mary rankings in context
GeographyRank
National#197

Azimuth overall value rankings within each geographic comparison group.

National pillar percentiles

Economic mobility
National percentile: 84
Access & reach
National percentile: 55
Affordability
National percentile: 65
Return on investment
National percentile: 90

Top-ranked majors

  1. Sociology#2
  2. International Relations and National Security Studies#4
  3. Philosophy#7

This school’s three highest-ranked programs nationally. Each rank compares bachelor’s programs in the same field; field sizes differ.

Explore major rankings

01 / William & Mary briefing

William & Mary cost & financial aid[6][7]

The published cost of attendance at William & Mary is $43,035. In its 2025-26 Common Data Set, the university reported in-state tuition of $19,734 and required fees of $7,501 for the 2026-27 academic year, with on-campus food and housing at $17,646.

Nonresidents face tuition of $46,177. For aid recipients, the average net price—what students pay after grants and scholarships—is $19,096.

That is $5,028 above the $14,068 median at comparable institutions (same type and size). Aid covers about 56% of the published cost for the average aid recipient, an offset of $23,939.

Azimuth ranks the university #495 for affordability among nonprofit four-year institutions. In its 2025-26 Common Data Set, the university also reported that 12.6% of full-time undergraduates pay more than the base tuition and fees.

The published cost of attendance at William & Mary is $43,035. Azimuth ranks the university #495 for affordability among nonprofit four-year institutions.

After grants and scholarships, the average net price for aid recipients from families earning under $30,000 is $3,106, for those earning $48,001 to $75,000 it is $5,916, and for those earning over $110,000 it is $34,370. The spread between the lowest and highest bands is $31,264.

Aid covers about 56% of the published cost for the average aid recipient. The across all aid recipients is $19,096, which is $5,028 above the $14,068 median for comparable institutions (same type and size).

Borrowers who complete a degree carry a median of $18,500 in federal student loans. That is $2,729 below the median for comparable institutions, $21,229.

Parents who borrow hold a separate median of $30,326 in Parent PLUS loans. If repaid over ten years, the median federal student debt corresponds to an estimated payment of $210 a month. It estimates costs and payments under different scenarios.

Your family income

Choose a household income range to see estimated net price.

Reported average annual net price · $48–75K$5,916

After grants and scholarships. Your aid offer may differ.

Averages within each income band; individual aid packages vary.

Borrowing and repayment at William & Mary

Among undergraduates at William & Mary, 83.1% of federal aid recipients take federal loans. For borrowers who complete, the median federal student debt is $18,500.

That median is $2,729 below the $21,229 median for comparable institutions (same type and size). Parent PLUS borrowing, a separate population of parent borrowers, carries a median of $30,326.

In its 2025-26 Common Data Set, the university reported that 33% of graduates borrowed from any source, with an average cumulative amount of $28,934 per borrower. Federal loans were held by 32% of graduates, averaging $17,555. A smaller group, 7%, held private loans averaging $59,552.

Four years after completing a degree, federally aided graduates of William & Mary who are working and not enrolled earn a median of $80,445. That pay level sits at the 89th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions.

That median is $23,144 above the $57,301 level for comparable institutions (same type and size). Completers earn about $2,363 more than the model expects for similar students.

That outcome falls at the 64th percentile. Estimated from the program mix, earnings scenarios run from $53,550 on the downside to $110,782 on the upside, with a typical level of $80,445.

Borrowers who finish carry a median federal debt of $18,500, which is $2,729 below the $21,229 median for comparable institutions (same type and size). That debt corresponds to an estimated payment of $210 a month if repaid over ten years.

For the separate population of parent borrowers, median Parent PLUS borrowing is $30,326. For student borrowers, the median federal debt of $18,500 corresponds to an estimated payment of $210 a month if repaid over ten years.

How Financial GPS measures payment burden · The four risk-and-reward zones

Financial GPS

What does repayment look like?

Institution median student debt
$18,500
Institution Parent PLUS debt
$30,326

Federal loans only; private or institutional loans aren’t included.

Estimated student payment · monthly
$210/mo
Estimated Parent PLUS payment · monthly
$385/mo

Payments use school-wide median balances, not a specific major’s.

Payment assumptions

Payments are 10-year standard payments on the median balance, before loan fees, used as a yardstick. Rates for newly issued loans may differ, and loans made after July 1, 2026 can repay over a longer term; existing loans keep their original fixed rates.

Explore your own numbers in Financial GPS
Read the full cost & aid brief

02 / William & Mary briefing

William & Mary career outcomes & earnings[3][8][9]

Graduates of William & Mary earn a median of $80,445 four years after completion, which places them at the 89th percentile. That figure is above the $57,301 median for comparable institutions, a gap of $23,144.

The return on investment pillar ranks at the 90th percentile in the Azimuth model. Graduates earn about $2,363 more than the model expects for similar students.

That places the gap at the 64th percentile. The part the model attributes to the factors it measures (field of study, enrollment and the local labor market) adds $6,923.

The part it attributes to a remainder it does not explain subtracts $4,560. Within the measured factors, the STEM component adds $3,091.

Graduates of William & Mary who received federal aid and are working four years after completion earn a median of $80,445. That amount is $23,144 above the median for comparable institutions (same type and size).

The sample includes 1,157 completers. That median sits in the 89th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions.

The same graduates earn about $2,363 more than the model expects for similar students. Azimuth ranks the university #154 for return among nonprofit four-year institutions.

That margin falls in the 64th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions. Earnings scenarios estimated from the program mix span from $53,550 on the downside to $110,782 on the upside, with $80,445 as the typical outcome.

An estimated 40.0% of graduates continue to graduate study, based on the program mix.

At William & Mary, federally aided graduates who are working and not enrolled earn a median of $80,445 four years after completion, at the 89th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions. That median is $23,144 above the $57,301 median for comparable institutions (same type and size).

Azimuth ranks the university #154 for return among nonprofit four-year institutions. Graduates earn about $2,363 more than the model expects for similar students.

That outcome sits at the 64th percentile. The part the model attributes to the factors it measures (field of study, enrollment and the local labor market) adds $6,923.

The part it attributes to a remainder it does not explain subtracts $4,560. Within the measured factors, the STEM component adds $3,091.

The degree profile clusters heavily in social sciences, business and biological sciences, and includes STEM fields. Earnings scenarios, estimated from the program mix, span from a downside of $53,550 to an upside of $110,782 across the fields offered.

An estimated 40.0% of graduates continue on to graduate study, based on the program mix.

The earnings scenarios show a wide spread: the downside scenario is $53,550 and the upside scenario reaches $110,782. These are scenarios estimated from the program mix, not observed groups of graduates.

At the upper end, Computer Science graduates earn $127,851 four years after completion, from 93 degrees awarded a year. Business Administration and Management follows at $111,366, and Economics at $105,467.

Graduates of William & Mary earn a median of $80,445 four years after completion, and they earn about $2,363 more than the model expects for similar students. The cost and debt figures show a different pattern.

The published cost of attendance is $43,035. After grants and scholarships, the average net price for aid recipients ranges from $3,106 for families earning under $30,000 to $34,370 for those earning over $110,000.

That is a spread of $31,264 between the lowest and highest income bands. Borrowers who complete a degree carry a median of $18,500 in federal student loans, which is $2,729 below the $21,229 median for comparable institutions (same type and size).

That debt corresponds to an estimated payment of $210 a month if repaid over ten years. Parents who borrow hold a separate median of $30,326 in Parent PLUS loans.

What explains value-added earnings?
Program & institutional factors The part attributed to observed institutional characteristics.
+$6,923
Unexplained remainder What remains after the model’s observed factors.
-$4,560
Total modeled value added The modeled difference from expected earnings.
+$2,363

These are statistical model components, not proven causal effects; the remainder is not a direct measure of teaching quality.

Read the full outcomes brief

03 / William & Mary briefing

William & Mary acceptance rate & admissions[1][10][11]

William & Mary admits 34.1% of applicants, a rate far below the median of 85.9% for comparable institutions (same type and size). In its 2025-26 Common Data Set, the university reported 16,895 applicants, 6,245 admitted, and 1,639 enrolled.

SAT: reported composite scores
Admission rate
34.1%
25th percentile
1390
Median
1450
75th percentile
1520

CDS 2025-26 · enrolled first-year score submitters. This range is not an admission cutoff.

Read the full admissions brief

04 / William & Mary briefing

What are the largest majors at William & Mary?[12]

The highest-earning program at William & Mary is Computer Science, where graduates earn a median of $127,851 four years after completion. The program awards 93 degrees a year.

The largest program, Business Administration and Management, is also the second-highest earner at $111,366 with 239 degrees awarded. Azimuth ranks it #13 nationally within its field.

At the more moderate end of the earnings range, Biology graduates earn $49,644 from 161 degrees a year. Psychology is close behind in size at 158 degrees awarded, with median earnings of $59,226 and an Azimuth national rank of #51.

William & Mary has 20 nationally ranked bachelor's programs, and the strongest of them sit in the social sciences. Sociology ranks #2 in its field, with 34 degrees awarded and median earnings of $87,655 four years after completion.

International Relations and National Security Studies ranks #4 nationally, with 76 degrees awarded and median earnings of $91,065. The largest program is Business Administration and Management, at 239 degrees a year, a national rank of #13, and median earnings of $111,366.

The highest-earning program is Computer Science, with 93 degrees awarded, a national rank of #59, and median earnings of $127,851. The best-paid fields are not the biggest ones.

At William & Mary, Social Sciences makes up 19.6% of degrees awarded, while Business contributes 11.8% and Biological Sciences 11.3%. Azimuth ranks 20 programs nationally and publishes four-year earnings for 20 fields.

More bachelor's degrees go to Business Administration and Management than to any other field, at 239 degrees awarded a year, followed by Biology at 161 and Psychology at 158. Azimuth ranks it #1 in Virginia within its field.

International Relations and National Security Studies ranks #1 in Virginia within its field, with median earnings of $91,065. The program carries a benchmark ratio of 1.37x against the national median for its field.

Philosophy ranks #7 nationally and #1 in Virginia within its field, awarding 35 degrees with median earnings of $75,423. Computer Science is the highest-earning program at $127,851, from 93 degrees awarded.

Strength is spread across several fields rather than concentrated in one. Four-year earnings may understate later trajectories in fields where graduates commonly continue on to graduate study. Across all fields, 28.7% of degrees awarded are in STEM.

Four-year earnings · six largest reported fields
Business Administration, Management and Operations 239 degrees awarded
$111,366
Biology, General 161 degrees awarded
$49,644
Psychology, General 158 degrees awarded
$59,226
Political Science and Government 142 degrees awarded
$72,173
Economics 119 degrees awarded
$105,467
Sports, Kinesiology, and Physical Education/Fitness 112 degrees awarded
$68,992

Fields selected by reported completions. Counts describe credentials awarded, not unique students or the earnings sample. Bars show median four-year earnings.

Read the full majors brief

05 / William & Mary briefing

What colleges are similar to William & Mary?[15]

Azimuth groups alternatives by admissions, location, cost and earnings, then orders candidates within each group. Peer earnings use the matched four-year cohort. How matching works.

A shortlist for different decisions

Choose a row to compare the figures with William & Mary.

Admissions peerMount Holyoke College36.0% admitted
Comparison with William & Mary
MeasureWilliam & MaryMount Holyoke College
Peer earnings · 4 years$80,445$54,450-$25,995 vs William & Mary
Average annual net price$19,096$26,441+$7,345 vs William & Mary · higher cost
Admission rate34.1%36.0%
Higher-admission alternativeAmerican University62.0% admitted
Comparison with William & Mary
MeasureWilliam & MaryAmerican University
Peer earnings · 4 years$80,445$79,081-$1,364 vs William & Mary
Average annual net price$19,096$41,943+$22,847 vs William & Mary · higher cost
Admission rate34.1%62.0%
Explore American University →
Nearby alternativeHampden-Sydney CollegeNearby option · VA
Comparison with William & Mary
MeasureWilliam & MaryHampden-Sydney College
Peer earnings · 4 years$80,445$71,699-$8,746 vs William & Mary
Average annual net price$19,096$22,400+$3,304 vs William & Mary · higher cost
Admission rate34.1%40.9%
Lower-cost alternativeCUNY Queens College$4,195 average net price
Comparison with William & Mary
MeasureWilliam & MaryCUNY Queens College
Peer earnings · 4 years$80,445$68,713-$11,732 vs William & Mary
Average annual net price$19,096$4,195-$14,901 vs William & Mary · lower cost
Admission rate34.1%64.4%
Explore CUNY Queens College →
Similar profileUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvilleMatched across several measures
Comparison with William & Mary
MeasureWilliam & MaryUniversity of Alabama in Huntsville
Peer earnings · 4 years$80,445$81,045+$600 vs William & Mary
Average annual net price$19,096$18,796-$300 vs William & Mary · lower cost
Admission rate34.1%68.6%
Explore University of Alabama in Huntsville →

Each school is the first-ranked match in its category, not a recommendation across every measure. The same college may lead more than one category. Figures use the matching snapshot; earnings reflect the matched four-year cohort. — means unavailable.

Read the full similar schools brief

Data scope & methodology

Structured payloads generated Governed hub narrative Governed spoke corpus

Four-year earnings describe cohorts of completers. Figures for other horizons describe different cohorts and are not joined into a career-growth projection.

Azimuth's overall rank and pillar percentiles come from the school profile. Absolute pillar ranks, city, enrollment and official-site links are shown only when structured data supplies them.

Detailed earnings, cost, admissions and program values come from the endpoint responsible for each measure. Missing values are not replaced with zero. Value-added estimates are model associations, not causal effects.

Figures are refreshed with each data release, at most a quarter apart. The underlying source dates can be earlier than the release.

Explanatory text is AI-assisted drafting checked against those figures; it is not an additional data source.

Analysis and methodology by Daniel Rogers, founder of College Azimuth.

Read the ranking methodology, data definitions and limitations · About College Azimuth

Read the analysis behind value-added earnings and the change to four-year graduate earnings. These articles are published on collegeazimuth.com.

Data notes & source fields

Scorecard field codes identify the underlying measure; Azimuth-derived values are labeled separately. Snapshot dates are not measurement years. Source populations and reporting periods differ across measures. Field definitions are in the U.S. Department of Education · College Scorecard documentation; notes with a different source link it below.

  1. Admission rate. Reported applicants admitted; not a transfer-specific or individual admission probability.

    Source fields: ADM_RATE

  2. Six-year completion. First-time, full-time students completing at the institution within 150% of normal time, typically six years for a bachelor’s degree.

    Source fields: C150_4

  3. Four-year institutional earnings. Median earnings of graduates in the reported cohort who are working and not enrolled, four years after completion.

    Source fields: MD_EARN_WNE_4YR

  4. Median federal student debt. Federal student-loan debt among completers in the reported borrowing cohort. Excludes Parent PLUS and is not total debt across all students.

    Source fields: GRAD_DEBT_MDN

  5. National, regional and state ranks; pillar percentiles; major ranks. Derived scores within the stated eligible comparison set, not raw Scorecard fields. Major ranks compare institutions within a field; their denominators differ.

    Source fields: Azimuth rankings

    College Azimuth · Ranking methodology

  6. Annual net price by family income. Average annual cost after grants and scholarships for the eligible first-time, full-time aid-recipient cohort. Public-school figures reflect in-state tuition. Includes living costs; these are averages, not medians or individual offers.

    Source fields: NPT4_PUB/PRIV; NPT41_PUB/PRIV through NPT45_PUB/PRIV

  7. Parent PLUS debt, payments and GPS illustration. Stored payments use Financial GPS loan and repayment assumptions. The adjustable spectrum applies the published framework to annual student payments divided by earnings minus an expense allowance; its initial allowance is 150% of the federal poverty guideline for one person, for the year the API serves. It is an illustration rather than a school rating. The parent table is the 10-year payment on the median Parent PLUS as a share of household income above 200% of the guideline for a household of three: under 6% Safe, 6–10% Caution, over 10% High pressure. Parent PLUS uses the completer median where available, otherwise the all-borrower median; these describe different borrowing populations.

    Source fields: PLUS_DEBT_ALL_COMP_MD; fallback PLUS_DEBT_ALL_MD; Azimuth Financial GPS calculations

    College Azimuth · Financial GPS methodology

  8. Downside and upside earnings; yellow band. The band spans the modeled lower and higher scenarios. It is not the P25–P75 interval for individual graduates. The median marker is the separately reported institutional median.

    Source fields: Azimuth modeled program-mix scenarios

    College Azimuth · Earnings scenario methodology

  9. Value added and its components. Observed-factor attribution plus the unexplained remainder equals total modeled value added. These are associations, not proven causal effects; the remainder is not a direct measure of teaching quality.

    Source fields: Azimuth statistical model

    College Azimuth · Value-added methodology

  10. SAT score range and reported midpoint. Reported scores of enrolled score-submitters, not admission cutoffs. The midpoint field is not necessarily the middle of the displayed range.

    Source fields: SATVR25 + SATMT25; SATVR75 + SATMT75; SAT_AVG

  11. First-year retention. Retention of the reported full-time cohort at four-year institutions.

    Source fields: RET_FT4

  12. Program earnings, completion counts and major-mix dots. Included bachelor’s programs have at least five reported completions. Counts are aggregated credentials, not unique people or an earnings sample. Major-mix dots group those counts by field of study; excluded programs are not zero activity.

    Source fields: EARN_MDN_4YR; IPEDSCOUNT1; CIPCODE

    College Scorecard · Field-of-study technical documentation

  13. Pell recipients. Share of undergraduates receiving a Pell Grant in the reported academic year.

    Source fields: PCTPELL

  14. Entering students outside the first-time, full-time group. This is not an observed transfer-in rate. It includes part-time entrants and other entering-student attendance patterns.

    Source fields: 1 − PFTFTUG1_EF

  15. Peer earnings and signed differences. Differences are peer minus this school, from the same matching snapshot. A positive earnings difference does not mean the peer is better on every measure.

    Source fields: Azimuth peer model using MD_EARN_WNE_4YR

    College Azimuth · Comparison methodology

How to interpret program rankings