College Azimuth

Research brief & institution hub

Northern Kentucky University

KYMedium public institution · Overall rank #451 nationally

Data snapshot Updated

Azimuth ranks Northern Kentucky University #451 among nonprofit four-year institutions.

Who it’s a good fit for

The fit is clearest for a student who wants a public university in Kentucky where the price is the headline. Northern Kentucky University is strongest on affordability, which is well above average, and the degree mix is led by Business and Health Professions.

Graduates earn less than predicts for students like them. The model attributes the gap to what it cannot explain, which subtracts, while the factors it measures add.

Return is modestly below average. The aid case is the counterweight.

The average aid recipient sees a large share of the published cost covered, and the lowest and highest income bands both pay below the published cost. Pell students complete below the overall rate, and mobility is above average.

The admission rate is below the median for comparable institutions, and most graduates are estimated to go into work rather than on to further study. A student drawn to the largest programs should know that the best-paid ones are much smaller.

Northern Kentucky University at a glance

Admissions and outcomes

Admission rate[1]
67.6%
Six-year completion[2]
52.2%
Four-year earnings[3]
$58,429

Cost and family borrowing

Average annual net price · $48–75K family income[6]
$6,761
Median student debt[4]
$23,000
Median Parent PLUS debt[7]
$14,877

Northern Kentucky University rankings: how Azimuth assesses value[5]

In Highland Heights, Kentucky, Northern Kentucky University enrolls 8,246 undergraduates as a public university. Its overall position falls in the upper third among nonprofit four-year institutions (69th percentile).

The university accepts 67.7% of those who apply, against a median admission rate of 85.9% for comparable institutions of the same type and size. 75.5% of first-year students return for a second year, while the peer median for this group is 73.7%.

The six-year graduation rate for first-time, full-time students is 52.2%, compared with a median of 49.1% at similar schools. An estimated 40.3% of entrants arrive as transfers or part-time students, so the six-year rate describes only one path through the university.

Affordability is the strongest of the four and return is the weakest, with the four spread far apart. Access and mobility both sit in the upper half of the field, though neither approaches the affordability level.

Affordability is the clearest strength in Northern Kentucky University’s Azimuth profile, while return is the area with the least favorable standing. Among nonprofit four-year institutions, affordability sits in the 89th percentile, mobility in the 71st percentile, and access in the 64th percentile.

Return sits in the 38th percentile. Strong affordability and mobility stand apart from a weaker return pillar.

The middle 50% of submitted SAT scores fell between 953 and 1,150. For students who submitted ACT scores, the middle 50% ranged from 18 to 25.

25.2% of undergraduates receive Pell Grants, a measure of financial access at this public university in Highland Heights, Kentucky. Azimuth ranks Northern Kentucky University #529 for access among nonprofit four-year institutions.

Pell Grant recipients complete at 44.1%, which is 8.1 percentage points below the six-year graduation rate for the entering cohort as a whole (52.2%). That gap separates the completion experience of Pell recipients from the broader first-time full-time cohort.

For mobility, Azimuth ranks the university #433 among nonprofit four-year institutions. Graduates earn about $8,848 less than the model expects for similar students.

Mobility outranks access here, a pattern that coincides with earnings landing below what the model predicts for students like them.

How value-added outcomes are assessed · How to interpret program rankings

Northern Kentucky University rankings in context
GeographyRank
National#451
Kentucky#7
South#159

Azimuth overall value rankings within each geographic comparison group.

National pillar percentiles

Economic mobility
National percentile: 71
Access & reach
National percentile: 64
Affordability
National percentile: 89
Return on investment
National percentile: 38

Top-ranked majors

  1. Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians#15
  2. Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General#15
  3. Construction Management#29

This school’s three highest-ranked programs nationally. Each rank compares bachelor’s programs in the same field; field sizes differ.

Explore major rankings

01 / Northern Kentucky University briefing

Northern Kentucky University cost & financial aid[6][7]

Northern Kentucky University stands out on affordability because aid recipients face a much lower bill than the published sticker cost. The published cost of attendance is $19,725 (an average across living arrangements).

In-state tuition and fees are $11,088, while room and board are $12,712. Out-of-state tuition and fees are $21,912.

The average net price, what aid recipients pay after grants and scholarships, is $8,191, and financial aid offsets $11,534 from the sticker cost. Aid covers about 58% of the published cost for the average aid recipient.

The peer median net price, the middle value for comparable institutions (same type and size), is $14,068, leaving this average $5,877 below that benchmark. Azimuth ranks the university #156 for affordability among nonprofit four-year institutions. The lower net price and affordability rank point in the same direction.

At Northern Kentucky University, the published cost of attendance is $19,725 (an average across living arrangements), but aid recipients’ costs differ widely by family-income band. Average net price, what aid recipients pay after grants and scholarships, is $2,603 in the lowest family-income band, $3,630 in the next band, $6,761 in the middle band, $12,679 in the upper-middle band, and $14,522 in the highest band.

The spread between the lowest and highest bands is $11,919. Azimuth places the university’s affordability pillar in the 89th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions.

For the average aid recipient, aid covers about 58% of the published cost, offsetting $11,534 from the sticker price. Across all aid recipients, the after grants and scholarships comes to $8,191.

That figure sits $5,877 below the peer median net price of $14,068 for comparable institutions (same type and size). Published in-state tuition is $11,088, and out-of-state tuition is $21,912.

Aid savings and the lower peer comparison point toward a lower price for aid recipients. Federal-loan borrowers who completed left with median federal student loan debt of $23,000, and 85.7% of federal aid recipients borrow federal loans.

The median debt is $1,771 above the peer median federal debt of $21,229 at comparable institutions (same type and size). That debt corresponds to an estimated payment of $261 a month if repaid over ten years.

Parent borrowers had median Parent PLUS borrowing of $14,877.

Your family income

Choose a household income range to see estimated net price.

Reported average annual net price · $48–75K$6,761

After grants and scholarships. Your aid offer may differ.

Averages within each income band; individual aid packages vary.

Borrowing and repayment at Northern Kentucky University

Federal borrowing is common at Northern Kentucky University, and completers who borrowed leave with a median balance above the comparable-school figure. Among federal-loan borrowers who completed, median federal student loan debt is $23,000.

85.7% of federal aid recipients borrow federal loans. At comparable institutions (same type and size), the peer median is $21,229; Northern Kentucky University's median is above that figure by $1,771.

For the separate population of Parent PLUS parent borrowers, median borrowing is $14,877.

Affordability is the stronger part of Northern Kentucky University's picture, but the return figures are mixed. Federally aided completers who are working and not enrolled have median earnings of $58,429 four years after completion.

Azimuth places that earnings figure in the 45th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions. On earnings beyond expectations, the gap between what graduates earn and what the model expects for similar students, graduates earn about $8,848 less than the model expects for similar students.

Azimuth places that measure in the 22nd percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions. Earnings scenarios based on the program mix put typical earnings at $58,429, with a downside scenario of $43,658 and an upside scenario of $79,919.

Median federal debt is $23,000, above the $21,229 peer median at comparable institutions (same type and size) by $1,771. That debt corresponds to an estimated payment of $261 a month if repaid over ten years.

Earnings fall short of the model's expectation, alongside debt above the peer median.

For the separate parent-borrower population, median Parent PLUS borrowing stands at $14,877. Median federal student debt corresponds to an estimated payment of $261 a month if repaid over ten years.

How Financial GPS measures payment burden · The four risk-and-reward zones

Financial GPS

What does repayment look like?

Institution median student debt
$23,000
Institution Parent PLUS debt
$14,877

Federal loans only; private or institutional loans aren’t included.

Estimated student payment · monthly
$261/mo
Estimated Parent PLUS payment · monthly
$189/mo

Payments use school-wide median balances, not a specific major’s.

Payment assumptions

Payments are 10-year standard payments on the median balance, before loan fees, used as a yardstick. Rates for newly issued loans may differ, and loans made after July 1, 2026 can repay over a longer term; existing loans keep their original fixed rates.

Explore your own numbers in Financial GPS
Read the full cost & aid brief

02 / Northern Kentucky University briefing

Northern Kentucky University career outcomes & earnings[3][8][9]

Affordability is the stronger part of Northern Kentucky University’s profile; the return picture is less favorable. Azimuth places its return pillar in the 38th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions.

Graduates earn about $8,848 less than the model expects for similar students, placing earnings beyond expectations in the 22nd percentile. The part the model attributes to the factors it measures (field of study, enrollment and the local labor market) adds $8,177.

The part it attributes to a remainder it does not explain subtracts $17,025. Median earnings are $58,429 four years after completion, in the 45th percentile.

That is $1,128 above the peer median of $57,301, the middle value for comparable institutions (same type and size), so the return picture is mixed.

At Northern Kentucky University, the median earnings for federally aided graduates four years after completion is $58,429, drawn from a cohort of 2,833. That figure is $1,128 above the $57,301 median for comparable institutions (same type and size).

Graduates earn about $8,848 less than the model expects for similar students. Earnings beyond expectations measure the gap between what graduates earn and what the model expects for similar students, and this result places the university at the 22nd percentile.

Earnings scenarios, estimated from the program mix, show a typical figure of $58,429, with a downside of $43,658 and an upside of $79,919. An estimated 26.9% of graduates continue to graduate study, based on the program mix.

Affordability is Northern Kentucky University’s strongest pillar, but its median earnings four years after completion are $58,429, in the 45th percentile. Comparable institutions (same type and size) have a peer median, the middle value for that group, of $57,301; the university is $1,128 above it.

Graduates earn about $8,848 less than the model expects for similar students. Earnings beyond expectations, the gap between what graduates earn and what the model expects for similar students, sits in the 22nd percentile.

The part the model attributes to the factors it measures (field of study, enrollment and the local labor market) adds $8,177. The part it attributes to a remainder it does not explain subtracts $17,025.

Within the measured factors, the STEM component adds $1,393. Earnings scenarios grounded in the program mix range from a downside of $43,658 to an upside of $79,919.

Azimuth places the return pillar in the 38th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions. Business Administration and Management is the largest program, with 409 degrees awarded and median earnings of $67,319 four years after completion.

Nursing awarded 274 degrees and has median earnings of $77,404; Azimuth ranks it #261 nationally among nonprofit four-year institutions in its field. Computer and Information Sciences awarded 114 degrees, with median earnings of $82,982 four years after completion and an Azimuth national rank of #123 among nonprofit four-year institutions in its field.

The program figures range widely, alongside the institution-level return measure that sits below the middle of nonprofit four-year institutions.

At Northern Kentucky University, modeled outcomes differ widely by field. The downside scenario is $43,658 and the upside scenario is $79,919, with $58,429 as the typical scenario; these are earnings scenarios rather than observed groups.

At the upper end of published program medians four years after completion, Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians earns $88,492, Management Information Systems and Services earns $85,697, and Computer and Information Sciences earns $82,982. Those field-level figures help explain the upper part of the modeled range.

Affordability is the strongest pillar at Northern Kentucky University, and the numbers bear that out. The published cost of attendance is $19,725 (an average), but the average net price—what aid recipients pay after grants and scholarships—is $8,191, which is $5,877 below the $14,068 peer median.

Borrowers who complete leave with a median of $23,000 in federal student loans, $1,771 above the $21,229 median for comparable institutions. That debt corresponds to an estimated payment of $261 a month if repaid over ten years.

Parents who borrow hold a separate median of $14,877. The return picture is mixed: earnings sit near the peer median but fall short of the model's expectation, while affordability is the university's strongest pillar.

A low net price and below-expected earnings pull in opposite directions, so the value case depends on how much weight a family puts on keeping costs down.

What explains value-added earnings?
Program & institutional factors The part attributed to observed institutional characteristics.
+$8,177
Unexplained remainder What remains after the model’s observed factors.
-$17,025
Total modeled value added The modeled difference from expected earnings.
-$8,848

These are statistical model components, not proven causal effects; the remainder is not a direct measure of teaching quality.

Read the full outcomes brief

03 / Northern Kentucky University briefing

Northern Kentucky University acceptance rate & admissions[1][10][11]

Northern Kentucky University admitted 67.7% of applicants to the reported entering class, a lower rate than the median of 85.9% for comparable institutions (same type and size).

SAT: approximate enrolled-student range
Admission rate
67.6%
Approximate lower endpoint
953
Reported average
1087
Approximate upper endpoint
1150

Enrolled students who submitted scores. This range is not an admission cutoff. The endpoints add section percentiles; they are not verified composite-score percentiles. A separate SAT-equivalent average is not plotted as a median. Source: College Scorecard; sum of section 25th/75th percentiles; enrolled score-submitters.

Read the full admissions brief

04 / Northern Kentucky University briefing

What are the largest majors at Northern Kentucky University?[12]

At Northern Kentucky University, program choice corresponds with a wide range of earnings four years after completion. Computer and Information Sciences reports median earnings of $82,982, with 114 degrees awarded; Azimuth ranks it #123 nationally among nonprofit four-year institutions in its field.

Nursing posts $77,404 and awarded 274 degrees, with an Azimuth national field rank of #261. Other programs with strong national rankings include highly ranked fields.

Health Sciences has median earnings of $73,478 four years after completion, 62 degrees awarded, and an Azimuth national field rank of #15. Construction Management reports $81,833, awarded 29 degrees, and ranks #29 nationally through Azimuth.

Technical and health programs sit alongside other fields that also hold national field ranks.

Northern Kentucky University awards degrees across 23 nationally ranked bachelor's programs, with earnings data available for 32 fields. The largest programs and the highest-earning ones pull in different directions, so a student's choice of major matters a great deal here.

Business accounts for 25.1% of bachelor's degrees awarded, followed by Health Professions at 18.7%. Nursing is both large and well-ranked: 274 degrees awarded, median earnings of $77,404 four years after completion, and Azimuth ranks it #261 nationally in its field and #5 in Kentucky.

The best nationally ranked program is Health Sciences, at #15 in its field and #2 in Kentucky. Computer and Information Sciences is another strong performer, with 114 degrees, median earnings of $82,982, and a national rank of #123 in its field.

The bachelor's degree mix at Northern Kentucky University is led by Business, which accounts for 25.1% of degrees awarded, followed by Health Professions at 18.7%. Education is a distant third at 6.8%.

The university has 23 ranked programs and 32 with published four-year earnings data. The largest single program is Business Administration and Management, at 409 degrees awarded, with Nursing next at 274 and Teacher Education at 125.

The highest-ranked program is Health Sciences, with 62 degrees awarded and median earnings of $73,478 four years after completion; it ranks #2 in Kentucky within its field. Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians ranks #15 nationally within its field and #1 in Kentucky.

The program awards 31 degrees and has median earnings of $88,492 four years after completion. The highest-earning program is a smaller one: Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians graduates earn a median of $88,492 four years after completion, from 31 degrees awarded.

Computer and Information Sciences, the fourth-largest program, awards 114 degrees. Its graduates earn a median of $82,982 four years after completion, and Azimuth ranks the program #123 nationally and #3 in Kentucky within its field.

The pattern is a regional public where strength is spread across several applied fields rather than concentrated in one. The largest program, Business Administration and Management, earns a median of $67,319, while the highest-earning program, Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians, is a much smaller technical field.

Nursing, the second-largest program, has median earnings of $77,404 four years after completion and ranks #5 in Kentucky within its field. Across all fields, 18.4% of degrees awarded are in STEM.

Four-year earnings · six largest reported fields
Business Administration, Management and Operations 409 degrees awarded
$67,319
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing 274 degrees awarded
$77,404
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods 125 degrees awarded
$42,709
Computer and Information Sciences, General 114 degrees awarded
$82,982
Psychology, General 101 degrees awarded
$47,280
Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities 82 degrees awarded
$50,322

Fields selected by reported completions. Counts describe credentials awarded, not unique students or the earnings sample. Bars show median four-year earnings.

Read the full majors brief

05 / Northern Kentucky University briefing

How does Northern Kentucky University serve students from different backgrounds?

Completion provides the clearest positive signal in Northern Kentucky University’s mobility picture: the first-time, full-time cohort has a six-year graduation rate of 52.2%. Pell recipients’ six-year completion rate is 44.1%, below the overall rate by 8.1 percentage points.

Azimuth places the mobility pillar in the 71st percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions. Graduates earn about $8,848 less than the model expects for similar students, placing earnings beyond expectations, the gap between what graduates earn and what the model expects for similar students, in the 22nd percentile. The completion picture is stronger than the model’s earnings comparison.

Northern Kentucky University offers access through a broad admissions profile, admitting 67.7% of applicants. The public university in Highland Heights, Kentucky enrolls 8,246 undergraduates, of whom 25.2% receive Pell Grants.

An estimated 40.3% of undergraduates arrive as transfers or part-time students. Azimuth places its access pillar in the 64th percentile among nonprofit four-year institutions, combining a sizable undergraduate body with multiple entry paths.

06 / Northern Kentucky University briefing

What colleges are similar to Northern Kentucky University?[15]

Azimuth groups alternatives by admissions, location, cost and earnings, then orders candidates within each group. Peer earnings use the matched four-year cohort. How matching works.

A shortlist for different decisions

Choose a row to compare the figures with Northern Kentucky University.

Admissions peerKentucky Christian University60.9% admitted
Comparison with Northern Kentucky University
MeasureNorthern Kentucky UniversityKentucky Christian University
Peer earnings · 4 years$58,429$52,466-$5,963 vs Northern Kentucky University
Average annual net price$8,191$24,038+$15,847 vs Northern Kentucky University · higher cost
Admission rate67.6%60.9%
Higher-admission alternativeMidway University95.1% admitted
Comparison with Northern Kentucky University
MeasureNorthern Kentucky UniversityMidway University
Peer earnings · 4 years$58,429$54,588-$3,841 vs Northern Kentucky University
Average annual net price$8,191$29,579+$21,388 vs Northern Kentucky University · higher cost
Admission rate67.6%95.1%
Nearby alternativeMidway UniversityNearby option · KY
Comparison with Northern Kentucky University
MeasureNorthern Kentucky UniversityMidway University
Peer earnings · 4 years$58,429$54,588-$3,841 vs Northern Kentucky University
Average annual net price$8,191$29,579+$21,388 vs Northern Kentucky University · higher cost
Admission rate67.6%95.1%
Higher-earnings alternativeUniversity of West Florida$67,723 earnings
Comparison with Northern Kentucky University
MeasureNorthern Kentucky UniversityUniversity of West Florida
Peer earnings · 4 years$58,429$67,723+$9,294 vs Northern Kentucky University
Average annual net price$8,191$9,364+$1,173 vs Northern Kentucky University · higher cost
Admission rate67.6%58.2%
Explore University of West Florida →
Lower-cost alternativeTrinity International University-Illinois$2,835 average net price
Comparison with Northern Kentucky University
MeasureNorthern Kentucky UniversityTrinity International University-Illinois
Peer earnings · 4 years$58,429$51,985-$6,444 vs Northern Kentucky University
Average annual net price$8,191$2,835-$5,356 vs Northern Kentucky University · lower cost
Admission rate67.6%100.0%
Similar profileTennessee Technological UniversityMatched across several measures
Comparison with Northern Kentucky University
MeasureNorthern Kentucky UniversityTennessee Technological University
Peer earnings · 4 years$58,429$57,413-$1,016 vs Northern Kentucky University
Average annual net price$8,191$14,246+$6,055 vs Northern Kentucky University · higher cost
Admission rate67.6%76.1%
Explore Tennessee Technological University →

Each school is the first-ranked match in its category, not a recommendation across every measure. The same college may lead more than one category. Figures use the matching snapshot; earnings reflect the matched four-year cohort. — means unavailable.

Read the full similar schools brief

Data scope & methodology

Structured payloads generated Governed hub narrative Governed spoke corpus

Four-year earnings describe cohorts of completers. Figures for other horizons describe different cohorts and are not joined into a career-growth projection.

Azimuth's overall rank and pillar percentiles come from the school profile. Absolute pillar ranks, city, enrollment and official-site links are shown only when structured data supplies them.

Detailed earnings, cost, admissions and program values come from the endpoint responsible for each measure. Missing values are not replaced with zero. Value-added estimates are model associations, not causal effects.

Figures are refreshed with each data release, at most a quarter apart. The underlying source dates can be earlier than the release.

Explanatory text is AI-assisted drafting checked against those figures; it is not an additional data source.

Analysis and methodology by Daniel Rogers, founder of College Azimuth.

Read the ranking methodology, data definitions and limitations · About College Azimuth

Read the analysis behind value-added earnings and the change to four-year graduate earnings. These articles are published on collegeazimuth.com.

Data notes & source fields

Scorecard field codes identify the underlying measure; Azimuth-derived values are labeled separately. Snapshot dates are not measurement years. Source populations and reporting periods differ across measures. Field definitions are in the U.S. Department of Education · College Scorecard documentation; notes with a different source link it below.

  1. Admission rate. Reported applicants admitted; not a transfer-specific or individual admission probability.

    Source fields: ADM_RATE

  2. Six-year completion. First-time, full-time students completing at the institution within 150% of normal time, typically six years for a bachelor’s degree.

    Source fields: C150_4

  3. Four-year institutional earnings. Median earnings of graduates in the reported cohort who are working and not enrolled, four years after completion.

    Source fields: MD_EARN_WNE_4YR

  4. Median federal student debt. Federal student-loan debt among completers in the reported borrowing cohort. Excludes Parent PLUS and is not total debt across all students.

    Source fields: GRAD_DEBT_MDN

  5. National, regional and state ranks; pillar percentiles; major ranks. Derived scores within the stated eligible comparison set, not raw Scorecard fields. Major ranks compare institutions within a field; their denominators differ.

    Source fields: Azimuth rankings

    College Azimuth · Ranking methodology

  6. Annual net price by family income. Average annual cost after grants and scholarships for the eligible first-time, full-time aid-recipient cohort. Public-school figures reflect in-state tuition. Includes living costs; these are averages, not medians or individual offers.

    Source fields: NPT4_PUB/PRIV; NPT41_PUB/PRIV through NPT45_PUB/PRIV

  7. Parent PLUS debt, payments and GPS illustration. Stored payments use Financial GPS loan and repayment assumptions. The adjustable spectrum applies the published framework to annual student payments divided by earnings minus an expense allowance; its initial allowance uses the frozen 2024 framework baseline. It is an illustration rather than a school rating. Parent PLUS uses the completer median where available, otherwise the all-borrower median; these describe different borrowing populations.

    Source fields: PLUS_DEBT_ALL_COMP_MD; fallback PLUS_DEBT_ALL_MD; Azimuth Financial GPS calculations

    College Azimuth · Financial GPS methodology

  8. Downside and upside earnings; yellow band. The band spans the modeled lower and higher scenarios. It is not the P25–P75 interval for individual graduates. The median marker is the separately reported institutional median.

    Source fields: Azimuth modeled program-mix scenarios

    College Azimuth · Earnings scenario methodology

  9. Value added and its components. Observed-factor attribution plus the unexplained remainder equals total modeled value added. These are associations, not proven causal effects; the remainder is not a direct measure of teaching quality.

    Source fields: Azimuth statistical model

    College Azimuth · Value-added methodology

  10. SAT score range and reported midpoint. Reported scores of enrolled score-submitters, not admission cutoffs. The midpoint field is not necessarily the middle of the displayed range.

    Source fields: SATVR25 + SATMT25; SATVR75 + SATMT75; SAT_AVG

  11. First-year retention. Retention of the reported full-time cohort at four-year institutions.

    Source fields: RET_FT4

  12. Program earnings, completion counts and major-mix dots. Included bachelor’s programs have at least five reported completions. Counts are aggregated credentials, not unique people or an earnings sample. Major-mix dots group those counts by field of study; excluded programs are not zero activity.

    Source fields: EARN_MDN_4YR; IPEDSCOUNT1; CIPCODE

    College Scorecard · Field-of-study technical documentation

  13. Pell recipients. Share of undergraduates receiving a Pell Grant in the reported academic year.

    Source fields: PCTPELL

  14. Entering students outside the first-time, full-time group. This is not an observed transfer-in rate. It includes part-time entrants and other entering-student attendance patterns.

    Source fields: 1 − PFTFTUG1_EF

  15. Peer earnings and signed differences. Differences are peer minus this school, from the same matching snapshot. A positive earnings difference does not mean the peer is better on every measure.

    Source fields: Azimuth peer model using MD_EARN_WNE_4YR

    College Azimuth · Comparison methodology

How to interpret program rankings